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    • 专利摘要:
    ERASER PREVENTIVE CONTROLLER ASSISTED BY LASER AND METHODS OF USE.The invention relates to a high power laser assisted eruption preventive controller and methods of use. Specifically, systems and assemblies are provided for using high-power laser energy within a blowout preventive controller to cut tubulars that are present within the blowout hole of the blowout controller, reducing the risk that such blowpipes will inhibit the ability of the blowout preventive controller. eruption seal a well.
    公开号:BR112013021523A2
    申请号:R112013021523-2
    申请日:2012-02-24
    公开日:2020-09-29
    发明作者:Mark S. Zediker；Daryl L. Grubb；Henry A. Bergeron；Philip V. Clark；Joel F. Moxley；Paul D. Deutch；Lance D. Underwood；Charles C. Rinzler；Ronald A. De Witt；Sharath K. Kolachalam
    申请人:Foro Energy Inc.；Chevron U.S.A. Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    home within the BOP cavity that would potentially block the shear plunger from completely sealing the BOP cavity. BOP batteries can have many different configurations and components, which are dependent on the conditions and hazards that are expected during placement and use. These components could include, for example, an annular type preventive controller, a rotating head, a single piston preventive controller with a set of pistons (blind or tube), a double piston preventive controller that it has two plunger sets, a triple plunger type preventive controller that has three plunger sets, a spool with side outlet connections for choke and damping lines. Examples of existing configurations of these components could be: a BOP stack that has a hole of 179.4 mm (7 1/16 ") and from the bottom to the top a single plunger, a spool, a single plunger, a single piston and an annular preventive controller that has a nominal working pressure of
    34,500 kPa (5,000 psi); a BOP stack that has a 346 mm (13 5/8 ") hole and from the bottom to the top a spool, a single plunger, a single plunger, a single plunger and an annular preventive controller and which has a working pressure nominal 69,000 kPa (10,000 psi), and a BOP stack that has a 476.2 mm (18 3/4 ") hole and from the bottom to the top a single plunger, a single plunger, a single plunger, a single piston, an annular preventive controller and an annular preventive controller and which has a nominal working pressure of 103,500 kPa (15,000 psi).
    BOPs need to contain the pressures that could be present inside a well, whose pressures could be as great as
    103,500 kPa (15,000 psi) or greater. In addition, there is a need for shear plungers that are able to cut quickly and reliably through any tubular, including drill collars, pipe joints and downhole assemblies that could be present inside the BOP when an emergency situation arises, or another situation where it is desirable to cut the tubulars inside the BOP and seal the well. With the increasing resistance, thickness and ductility of tubulars, and
    Specifically, deep, ultra-deep and ultra-deep tubular drilling, there has been an increasing need for stronger, more powerful and better shear pistons. This long-standing need for such shear plungers, as well as other information on the physical and engineering principles underlying existing mechanical shear plungers, is presented at: West Engineering Services, Inc., " Mini Shear Study for US Minerals Management Services "(Requisition No. 2-1011-1003, December 2002); West Engineering Services, Inc., "Shear Ram Capabilities Study for US. Minerals Management Services" (Requisition No. 3-4025-1001, September 2004); and, Barringer & Associates Inc., "Shear Ram Blowout Preventer Forces Required" (June 6, 2010, revised August 8, 2010).
    HIGH POWER LASER BEAM DRIVING Prior to the recent discoveries of co-inventor Dr. Mark Zediker and those who work with him at Foro Energy, Inc ,, Littleton CO, it was believed that the transmission of high-powered laser energy over long distances without substantial loss of power was unattainable. Their findings on transmission in high power laser energy, specifically energy levels greater than 5 kW, are presented, in addition to new and innovative teachings contained in US Patent Application Publications 2010/0044106 and 2010/0215326 and in US Pending Patent Order Serial Number 12 / 840,978 entitled "Fiber Optic Settings for Transmitting Laser Energy Over Long Distances" by Rinzler et. al (filed on 21 July 2010). The descriptions of these three US patent applications, to the extent that they refer to or relate to the transmission of high-power laser energy, and lasers, fiber structures and cable to perform such transmissions, are here incorporated by reference. It should be noted that this incorporation by reference does not provide any right to practice or use the inventions of these applications or any patents that may arise from them and does not, from the origin, grant any licenses under them. The use and application of high power lasers to a BOP and ascending columns is shown in US Patent Applications Serial Numbers 13 / 034,183, 13 / 034,017 and 13 / 034,037, each filed on February 24, 2011, the entire descriptions of which are incorporated herein by reference.
    SUMMARY In drilling operations it has long been desirable to have a BOP that has the ability to quickly, reliably, and in a controlled manner cut tubular and seal, or otherwise manage pressure, flow, or both of them. a little. As the strength of tubulars, and specifically deep sea drilling tubulars, increased, the need for such a BOP continued, grew, and became more important. The present invention, among other things, addresses this need by providing the manufacturing articles, devices and processes taught here.
    Thus, a stack of eruption preventive controller is provided here, which has: a movable plunger from a first position to a second position; and a laser cutter to emit a laser beam that defines a beam path positioned in relation to the plunger and facing a cavity formed within the stack, where the beam path enters the cavity and the second position is located within the cavity.
    Also provided is a stack of preventive eruption controller that includes a preventive plunger controller; the stack defining a cavity; and, a laser cutter, in which the laser cutter is positioned to provide a laser beam along a beam path. In addition, the preventive plunger controller may be a shear piston assembly and the stack may also include: an annular preventive controller assembly; a tube plunger assembly; and, the annular preventive controller set, the shear plunger set and the tube plunger set share the cavity, the cavity having a geometric axis.
    Furthermore, a stack of submarine eruption preventive controller is provided in which the beam path can be directed in the direction of the cavity's geometric axis, it can be directed in the direction of the cavity, or in which the beam path intersects the geometric axis of the cavity. cavity.
    In addition, a preventive eruption controller is provided in which the laser cutter has a protection located adjacent to the cavity, where the laser cutter protection protects the laser cutter from damage, from the conditions present inside the BOP cavity, such as pressure, temperature, tubular or line structures that move through or rotate within the cavity, debris, hydrocarbons and drilling fluids, the drilling fluid laser cutter, while not appreciably interfering with the movement of tubular through the cavity.
    Furthermore, a preventive eruption controller is provided, which has: a laser cutter; a preventive plunger controller that includes a plunger; a cavity within the stack to pass the tubulars through the cavity; the laser cutter having a beam path; the piston capable of movement within the cavity; and an area within the cavity for coupling the plunger with a tubular; and, the beam path positioned between the laser cutter and intersecting the area within the cavity for coupling the plunger with a tubular.
    Furthermore, a preventive eruption controller is provided for use on land, at sea or both, which has a laser cutter; a preventive plunger controller, which has a plunger; a cavity within a stack for passing tubulars through it; the laser cutter having a beam path; the plunger capable of movement within the cavity; an area within the cavity for coupling the common tubular plunger; and, the beam path directed above the area within the cavity for coupling the plunger with a tubular.
    A laser assisted preventive eruption controller is also provided for use on land, at sea or both, the eruption preventive controller having: an annular preventive controller; a tube plunger assembly; and a laser shear plunger assembly having: a movable plunger from a first position to a second position; and, a laser cutter positioned in relation to the plunger and facing a cavity formed within the laser assisted eruption preventive controller, in which the laser cutter emits a laser beam that defines a laser cutter beam path that it enters the cavity and the second position is located inside the cavity. As a submarine eruption preventive controller this preventive controller may also have: a shear plunger assembly and a second tube plunger assembly; wherein the preventive override controller, the laser shear plunger assembly, the shear plunger assembly, the tube plunger assembly and the second tube plunger assembly form a stack of components.
    In addition, a laser-assisted eruption preventive controller is provided in which the laser cutter beam path extends towards a central geometric axis of the cavity, where the cavity has a vertical geometric axis and the cutter beam path laser forms an acute angle with the vertical geometric axis, where the cavity has a vertical geometric axis and the laser cutter beam path which forms an obtuse angle with the vertical geometric axis, or where the body cavity has a vertical geometric axis and the laser cutter beam path forms an angle of approximately 90 degrees as vertical axis.
    Furthermore, a laser-assisted eruption preventive controller is also provided in which the laser cutter is able to at least partially orbit a geometric axis of the cavity while firing the laser beam. This cutter can also have a second laser cutter. These laser assisted preventive eruption controllers can be configured so that it takes approximately 1/2 of an orbit to complete a cut of a tubular, takes approximately 1/3 of an orbit to complete a cut of a tubular, take approximately 1 / 4 of an orbit to complete a cut of a tubular.
    Furthermore, a laser-assisted eruption preventive controller is provided in which the laser cutter is contained within a plunger. Furthermore, the plunger may have a displacement path to move
    the piston from the first position to the second position, the laser cutter beam path can traverse the piston travel path, or the laser cutter beam path can be parallel to the piston travel path.
    Furthermore, a laser-assisted eruption preventive controller is provided which has: a plurality of laser cutters, in which each laser cutter emits a laser beam that defines a beam path, in which the cavity is substantially circular; and each of the plurality of laser cutters is adjacent but within the cavity, and the beam paths are configured in a radius configuration.
    In addition, a laser-assisted eruption preventive controller is provided, which has: a structure; an eruption prevention controller stack associated with the structure, the eruption preventive controller stack having: a cavity formed within the eruption preventive controller to pass tubular through it; and, a laser supply set positioned outside the cavity when not activated.
    A laser-assisted underwater eruption preventive controller drilling system is also provided, the system having: a submarine ascending column; a pile of preventive eruption controller that has: a cavity to pass the tubulars through the pile of preventive eruption controller, in which the cavity is in mechanical communication with the submarine ascending column, in which the tubulars can be passed to the e the submarine ascending column within the cavity for the purpose of advancing a well hole; a laser supply set; a shear piston assembly, wherein the laser supply assembly is optically and mechanically associated with the shear piston assembly; whereby, when activating the laser delivery system, it provides a high-powered laser beam for a tubular inside the cavity of the eruption preventive controller resulting in the tubular being cut to reduce the risk that the tubular would prevent closure of the shear plunger assembly. Regarding this drilling system for preventive underwater eruption
    by the laser, the high power laser beam forms a laser delivery pattern to cut the tubular into the cavity of the eruption preventive controller, where the high power laser beam forms a pattern of laser delivery to weaken the tubular within the cavity of a rash preventive controller, or where the high power laser beam forms a laser delivery pattern to remove two discrete areas of the tubular.
    Furthermore, a laser-assisted submarine eruption preventive controller drilling system is also provided, the system having: a submarine ascending column; an eruption preventive controller stack, the eruption preventive controller stack having: a cavity for passing tubulars through it, where the cavity for eruption preventive controller stack is in fluid communication with the underwater riser ; a laser supply set; and a shear piston assembly having a pair of opposing shear pistons, wherein the laser delivery assembly is associated with the shear piston assembly.
    In addition, an offshore drilling rig is provided that has a laser-assisted submarine eruption preventive controller system for rapid tubular cutting within the eruption preventive controller during emergency situations, the laser system having: a rising column capable of being lowered from and operatively connected to an offshore drilling rig to a depth at or near a seabed; a preventive eruption controller capable of being operatively connected to the upstream column and lowered by the upstream column of the offshore drilling rig to the bottom of the sea; a high-powered laser in optical communication with a laser cutter; and the laser cutter operatively associated with the eruption preventive controller and the rising column, whereby the laser cutter is capable of being lowered to or near the seabed and upon activation it provides a high laser beam power for a tubular that is inside the eruption preventive controller.
    In addition, an offshore drilling rig is provided that has a laser-assisted submarine eruption preventive controller system for rapid cutting of tubulars within the eruption preventive controller during emergency situations, the laser system having: a rising column positioned at a depth on or near a seabed, where the ascending column is operatively connected to an offshore drilling rig; a preventive eruption controller positioned on or near the seabed, where the eruption preventive controller is operatively connected to the upstream column; a high power laser in optical communication with a laser cutter; and the laser cutter operatively associated with the eruption prevention controller and the rising column and positioned on or near the seabed, whereby upon activation the laser cutter provides a high power laser beam for a tubular that is inside the eruption preventive controller.
    In addition, an offshore drilling rig is provided with a laser assisted underwater eruption preventive controller drilling system, the system having: an ascending column capable of being lowered from and operatively connected to an offshore drilling rig until a depth at or near a seabed; a preventive eruption controller capable of being operatively connected to the upstream column and lowered by the upstream column of the offshore drilling rig to the bottom of the sea; the eruption preventive controller including a shear plunger capable of mechanically interacting with an area of a tubular that is within the eruption preventive controller; the shear plunger being associated with a laser cutter; a high-powered laser in optical communication with a laser cutter; and, the laser cutter operatively associated with the eruption preventive controller and the rising column, whereby the laser cutter is capable of being lowered to or near the seabed and upon activation provide a laser beam of high power for the tubular that is inside the eruption preventive controller and for an area on the tubular that is in or near the area of mechanical interaction with the shear piston.
    Furthermore, a deep-water offshore drilling rig capable of drilling in more than 1,520 m (5,000 feet) of water is provided, which has a laser supply set associated with the preventive controller for the eruption of an ascending column. for the rapid cutting of tubulars within the stack of the eruption preventive controller, the offshore drilling rig having: a lifting medium and a high power laser that has at least 20 kW of power; at least 1,520 m (5,000 ft) of riser sections capable of being connected together and lowered to a depth or near the seabed; an eruption preventive controller capable of being operatively connected in the ascending column and lowered to the bottom of the sea; the high-power laser in optical communication with a laser cutter; the opto-mechanically laser cutter associated with the eruption preventive controller, in which the laser cutter is capable of being lowered to or near the seabed, and upon activation provide a high-powered laser beam for a tubular that is inside the eruption preventive controller and to an area over the tubular that is meant to be cut. Furthermore, this drilling rig can have the lifting means including a tower, a winch and an upper drive.
    Furthermore, a stack of submarine eruption preventive controller is provided, which have: a plunger and a laser cutter positioned inside the stack; the laser cutter having a means for providing a predetermined pattern of laser beam; whereby the predetermined laser beam cut pattern corresponds to an area of a tubular to be removed within the stack.
    A method is also provided for drilling underwater wells using a laser-assisted eruption preventive controller and a rising column, the method including: lowering a laser-assisted eruption preventive controller that has a first internal cavity on a platform. offshore drilling to a seabed using an ascending column that has a second internal cavity, the seabed having a well hole; attach the preventive eruption controller to the well hole, whereby the well hole, the first internal cavity, and the second internal cavity are in fluid and mechanical communication; and advancing the well hole by lowering tubulars from the offshore drilling rig through the second internal cavity, the first internal cavity and into the well hole; where, the laser-assisted eruption preventive controller has the ability to perform a laser cut of a tubular present within the first cavity.
    The preventive eruption controller used in this method can be a laser-assisted preventive eruption controller that has: a structure; an eruption preventive controller stack associated with the structure; the eruption preventive controller stack including a third cavity for passing tubular through it, the third cavity of which is at least a part of the first cavity; and the eruption preventive controller stack including a laser supply set, where the laser supply set is positioned outside the first and third cavities when not activated.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a submarine laser-assisted BOP drilling system of the present invention.
    Figure 2 is a partially cut-away cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the laser shear plunger assembly of the present invention.
    Figure 3A is a partially cut-away cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a laser shear plunger assembly of the present invention.
    Figure 3B is a detailed cross-sectional view of one - portion of the laser shear plunger assembly in Figure 3A, taken along line 4-4 of Figure 3A.
    Figures 4A, 4B, 4C & 4D are cross-sectional views of the modality of the laser shear plunger assembly of Figure 3A.
    Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment of a laser shear piston assembly of the present invention.
    Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a laser shear piston assembly of the present invention.
    Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view partially in cross-section of another embodiment of a laser shear plunger assembly of the present invention.
    Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view partially in cross-section of another embodiment of a laser shear plunger assembly of the present invention.
    Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view partially in cross-section of another embodiment of a laser shear plunger assembly of the present invention.
    Figures 10A, 10B & 10C are views of a section of a laser shear plunger of the present invention that has laser cutters.
    Figures 11A, 11B & 11C are seen from a section of another laser shear piston of the present invention that has laser cutters.
    Figures 12A, 12B & 12C are seen from a section of another laser shear piston of the present invention that has laser cutters.
    Figures 13A, 13B & 13C are seen from a section of another laser shear piston of the present invention that has laser cutters.
    Figure 14 is a schematic plan view of a pair of opposing laser shear pistons of the present invention having laser cutters.
    Figure 15 is a schematic plan view of a pair of opposing laser shear pistons of the present invention that have laser cutters on one of the pistons. Figures 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 are schematic representations of laser delivery patterns of the present invention.
    Figure 22A is a partially cut-away cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a laser shear plunger assembly of the present invention.
    Figures 22B, 22C & 22D are cross-sectional views of the modality of the laser shear plunger assembly of Figure 22A, taken along line B-B of Figure 22A. Figures 23 to 23B are schematic illustrations of laser beam paths of the present invention. Figure 24 is a schematic illustration of laser shear plungers interacting with a tubular. Figure 25 is a schematic illustration of a tubular and laser shear plungers. Figure 26 is a schematic illustration of a tubular and laser shear plungers.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In general, the present inventions refer to a BOP that has high-powered laser beam cutters that are used in conjunction with mechanical closure devices to manage well conditions, such as pressure , the flow, or both. Thus, as an example, a modality of a submarine assisted BOP drilling system - porlaser 150 is shown schematically in Figure 1. In this modality a laser assisted eruption preventive controller (BOP) 100 is provided. The laser assisted BOP 100 has a structure 101, which protects the BOP, has lifting and handling devices (not shown), a control and connection module 102, and other equipment and devices used in subsea operation, which are known to the technique of offshore drilling, but are not shown in the figure. The laser-assisted BOP 100 of this example has an annular preventive controller 103, a laser shear plunger assembly 104 with a laser supply set, a first tube plunger 105 and a second tube plunger 106. This set preventive controllers and plungers could also be referred to as a laser-assisted BOP stack. The stack has a cavity or passageway 123 that runs through its top 125 (closest to the water surface 124) to its bottom 126 (closest to the seabed 108). This passage 123, for example, could be approximately 476.2 mm (18 3/4 ") in diameter. The passage 123 would have a passage or cavity wall 127.
    Typically, in deep sea drilling operations a rising column 508 mm (21 ") and a BOP of 476.2 mm (18 3/4") are used. The term "ascending column of 21" "is generic and covers ascending columns that have an external diameter in the general range of 508 mm (21") and would include, for example, an ascending column that has an external diameter of 514.3 mm ( 21 1/4 "). The wall thickness for 508 mm (21") risers can vary from approximately 15.8 mm to 22.2 mm (5/8 "to 7/8") or greater. Rising columns and BOPs, however, may vary in size, type and configuration. Upright columns can have outside diameters ranging from approximately 339.7 mm (13 3/8 ") to approximately 609.6 mm (24"). BOPs can have cavities, for example, hole diameters ranging from approximately 103.1 mm (4 1/6 ") to 679.4 mm (26 3/4"). Upright columns can be, for example, conventional tube rising columns, flexible tube rising columns, composite tube structures, steel catenary rising columns ("SCR"), top tensioned rising columns, rising columns hybrids, and other types of ascending columns known to those versed in the offshore drilling technique or later developed. The use of ascending columns of smaller and larger diameter, different types and configurations of ascending columns, BOPs that have cavities of smaller and larger diameter, and different types and configurations of BOPs are contemplated; and, the teachings of the inventions of this specification are not limited to, or by, the size, type, or configuration of an associated column.
    specific BOP or BOP.
    The top 125 of the laser-assisted BOP 100 is attached to a rising column 116 by a flexible joint 115. The flexible joint 115, which can also be referred to as a flexible connector or ball joint, allows the rising column 116 stay at an angle with respect to laser assisted BOP 100, and thus accommodate some movement of the upward spine 116 and the drill rig 118 on the water surface 124. The upward spine 116 is connected to the drill rig 118 by tensioners ascending column 117 and other equipment known to those skilled in the offshore drilling technique, but not shown in this figure. The drilling rig 118, which in this example is shown as a semi-submersible, has a maneuver opening 119, a drilling floor 120, a tower 121, and other drilling and support equipment and devices used for drilling. operation, which are known to those skilled in the offshore drilling technique, but are not shown in the figure. Although a semi-submersible is shown in this modality, any type of offshore drilling rig, ship, or platform can be used and thus can have a laser assisted BOP drilling system.
    When positioned, as shown in Figure 1, the BOP assisted by laser 100 is attached to the ascending column 116, lowered to the bottom of the sea 108 and attached to a wellhead 107. The wellhead 107 is positioned and fixed in a liner 114, which has been cemented into a well bore 112 and into a larger diameter liner 111 by cement 113. The larger diameter 111 liner is cemented into a larger bore hole 109 by a cement 110. As an example, coating 114 can be a 508 mm (20 ") coating and well hole 112 can be a 660.4 mm (26") diameter well hole, the coating 111 can be a 762 mm (30 ") liner and well hole 109 can be a 914.4 mm (36") well hole in diameter. From this point on, generally, all drilling activity within the borehole takes place through the ascending column and the BOP.
    In general, and as an example, during positioning, a laser-assisted BOP (such as the modality in Figure 1) is attached to the ascending column, lowered by the offshore drilling rig to the seabed and attached to a wellhead.
    The wellhead is positioned and fixed in a coating which has been cemented into a wellbore.
    From this point on, generally, all drilling activity within the borehole takes place through the ascending column and the BOP.
    Such drilling activity would include, for example, lowering a drill pipe column that has a drill bit at its end from the offshore drilling rig down through the inner cavity of the upstream column, through the laser-assisted BOP cavity and to inside the well hole.
    Thus the drilling column would run from the offshore drilling rig on the water surface to the bottom of the well hole, potentially many tens of thousands of feet below the water surface and the seabed.
    The drill bit would be rotated against the bottom of the well hole, while the drill mud is pumped into the drill pipe and out of the drill bit.
    The drilling mud would carry the debris, for example, the well-hole material removed by the rotary drill, through the annular space above between the well-hole wall and the outer diameter of the drilling joint.
    Continuing upward through the annular space between the BOP cavity wall and the outer diameter of the drilling column, and continuing upward through the annular space between the inner diameter of the rising column cavity and the outer diameter of the drilling column , until the drilling mud and fragments are usually directed by a bell housing, or in extreme situations to a diverter, for further processing or manipulation in the offshore drilling rig.
    Thus, the drilling mud is pumped from the offshore drilling rig through a drilling column inside the ascending column to the bottom of the well hole and returned to the drilling vessel,
    part, by the ascending column and the laser assisted BOP.
    The laser-assisted BOPs of the present inventions, for example the laser-assisted BOP 100 of Figure 1, can be used to control and manage both pressures and flows within a well; and can be used to manage and control emergency situations, such as a bounce or a potential eruption.
    The annular preventive controller, for example the annular preventive controller 103 of Figure 1, which, for example, has an expandable plug that seals against a tubular that is inside the BOP 123 cavity preventing material from flowing through the annular space formed between the outer diameter of the tubular and the inner cavity wall 127 of the laser assisted BOP 100. The plungers, for example, the tube plungers 105 and 106 in Figure 1, can both have two retaining devices as a semicircle that are actuated against the outer diameter of a tubular that is inside the BOP 123 cavity, or one can be a blind plunger that can seal the cavity when no tubular is present.
    Laser-assisted BOPs, for example, laser-assisted BOB 100 in Figure 1, can include laser shear plunger assemblies, for example, laser shear plunger assembly 104. Laser shear plunger assemblies they can be the last line of defense for emergency situations, for example, bounces or potential eruptions.
    In general, laser shear plunger assemblies use a laser beam to cut or weaken a tubular, including drill glues, pipe joints, and well bore assemblies that could be present within the BOP cavity. 123 when an emergency situation arises, or another situation where it would be advantageous to cut the tubes inside the BOP, so that the plungers can quickly and reliably close through the BOP 123 cavity to seal it, and thus, see - give the well.
    The laser BOP must contain the pressures that could be present inside a well, and for example it must be able to withstand pressures of 34,500 kPa (5,000 psi); 69,000 kPa (10,000 psi); and 103,500 kPa (15,000 psi), preferably 138,000 kPa (20,000 psi) for deep sea drilling, or larger.
    Thus, laser-assisted BOPs will have the ability to reliably and quickly seal a well, regardless of the thickness and type of tubular that is present inside the BOP when an emergency or other situation arises.
    In Figure 1 the ascending column and the BOP are configured along the lines of an ascending column BOP package with the BOP positioned on or near the seabed, typically attached to a wellhead as seen in drilling activities . The present laser modules, laser cutters, laser assemblies and BOP laser assemblies of the present inventions have applications to other types of rising columns, rising column packages - BOP and activities, both on land and offshore. Thus, these have applications in relation to drilling activity, examination operations, maintenance, testing, intervention and completion. These also have applications for surface BOPs, for example, where the BOP is positioned above the water surface and the ascending column extends from the BOP to the bottom of the sea, where drilling is done inside the ascending column, where the column ascending is a rising column of production, and other known configurations, or later developed by the technique.
    Laser assisted underwater BOP drilling systems can have a single high power laser, and preferably can have two or three high power lasers, and can have several high power lasers, for example six or more. High-power solid-state lasers, specifically semiconductor lasers and fiber lasers are preferred, due to their short start-up time and essentially instantly connected capabilities. High power lasers, for example, can be fiber lasers or semiconductor lasers that have 10 kW, 20 kW, 50KkW or more power, and which emit laser beams with wave lengths preferably in the approximately 1550 range nm (nanometers), or 1083 nm. Examples of preferred lasers, and specifically solid state lasers, such as fiber lasers, are shown in Patent Application Publications Serial Number 2010/0044106 and 2010/0215326 and in US Patent Application Serial Number 12 / 840,978. The laser, or lasers, can be located on the offshore drilling rig, above the water surface, and optically connected to the
    BOP under the sea using a high power long distance laser transmission cable, preferred examples of which are shown in Patent Application Publications Serial Number 2010/0044106 and 2010/0215326 and in the Order US Patent Pending Number 12/840,978. The laser transmission cable can be contained inside a spool and unwound and attached to the BOP and the ascending column as it is lowered to the bottom of the sea.
    Lasers can also be contained in, or associated with, the BOP structure, eliminating the need for a long distance high-power optical cable to transmit laser beam from the water surface to the seabed.
    In view of the extreme conditions in which laser shear plungers are required to operate and the need for high reliability in their operation, such a configuration of a laser assisted underwater BOP drilling system must have at least one laser high power located on the offshore drilling rig and connected to the BOP by a high power transmission cable and having at least one laser on, or associated with,
    BOP structure under the sea.
    Looking at Figure 2, an example of a modality of a laser shear plunger assembly that could be used in a BOP stack is shown.
    The laser shear plunger assembly 200 has a body 201. Body 201 has a lower shear plunger 202 (closest to the wellhead) and an upper shear plunger 203 which upon activation are forced to inside the internal cavity 204 by the lower piston assembly 205 and the upper piston assembly 206. Upon activation, the adjusting surfaces 207, 208 of the shear pistons 202, 203 engage with each other and seal the internal cavity 204, and so , the well.
    The inner cavity 204 has an inner cavity wall 227. A laser supply set 209 is also provided. The laser supply set 209 is located - within body 201 of the laser shear plunger assembly 200. The laser supply assembly 209 can be, for example, an annular assembly that surrounds, or partially surrounds, the internal cavity 204. This assembly 209 is located above the shear plungers 202, 203, that is, the side furthest from the wellhead. The 209 laser supply set is optically associated with at least one high power laser source.
    During drilling and other activities, the tubulars, not shown in Figure 2, are typically positioned inside the internal cavity 204. An annular space is formed between the outer diameter of the tubular and the inner cavity wall 227. These tubulars have an outside diameter that can vary in size from approximately 457.2 mm (18 ") to a few inches, and specifically, typically range from approximately 407.4 mm (16 2/5 (16.04)") to approximately 127 mm (5 ") or smaller. When tubulars are present within cavity 204, when activating the laser shear plunger assembly 200, the laser supply set 209 provides high power laser energy to the tubular located within cavity 204. High power laser energy cuts through the tubular completely, or at the very least weakens the tubular, to allow shear plungers 202, 203 to quickly seal cavity 204, moving any remaining tubular sections p plow out of the shear piston path if the tubular has been completely cut by laser energy or by cutting the tubular if only weakened by the laser and moving the cut tubular sections out of the way of the shear pistons so the plunger assembly laser shear 200 ensures that the shear plunger surfaces 207, 208 engage, seal, and thus seal the BOP 204 cavity and well.
    Although a single laser supply set is shown in the example of Figure 2, multiple laser supply sets, sets of different shapes, and sets in different positions can be employed. In addition, configurations where the laser supply set is located below the ie shear plungers, closer to the wellhead, as well as configurations where the laser supply sets are located above, below, inside, or their combinations, shear pistons, or other
    sections or modules of the BOP stack can also be used. The ability of laser energy to cut, remove, weaken, weaken structurally, or substantially weaken the tubular within the internal cavity allows for the potential use of a single shear piston, where two shear pistons may otherwise be required or needed; thus reducing the number of moving parts, reducing the weight of the BOP, reducing the height of the BOP and reducing the deck footprint for the BOP, as well as other benefits, in the total set. In addition, the ability to make precise and predetermined laser power supply patterns — tubular and the ability to make accurate, predetermined cuts in and through tubulars — provides the ability to have the cut surfaces and matching shear piston configured in a way to match, complement, or otherwise work more efficiently with the laser power supply pattern. Thus, the shear piston configurations matched and modeled for the laser energy supply pattern are contemplated by the present inventions. Still, the ability to make precise and predetermined cuts in and through tubulars, provides the ability, even in an emergency situation, to cut the tubular without crushing it and have a predetermined shape for the cut end of the tubular to assist subsequently attach a fishing tool to retrieve the cut pipe from the well hole. In addition, the ability to cut the tubular, without crushing it, provides a larger area, that is, a larger opening, in the lower section of the cut pipe through which the drilling mud, or other fluid, can be pumped in. from the well, by the damping line associated with the BOP stack.
    The body of the laser shear plunger assembly can be a single piece that is machined to accommodate the laser supply assembly, or it can be made of multiple pieces that are fixed together in a way that provides sufficient strength to its intended use, specifically to withstand pressures of 34,500 kPa (5,000 psi), 69,000 kPa (10,000 psi), 103,500 kPa (15,000 psi), 138,000 kPa
    (20,000 psi), and greater. The area of the body that contains the laser supply set can be machined, or otherwise manufactured to accommodate the laser supply set, while maintaining the strength requirements for the intended use of the body. The laser shear piston assembly body can also be two or more separate components or modules, for example, one component or module for the laser supply assembly and one for the shear pistons.
    These modules could be attached to each other by, for example, bolted flanges, or other suitable fastening means known to those skilled in the offshore drilling technique. The body, or a module that makes up the body, may have a passageway, passageways, channels, or other such structures, to conduct the fiber optic cables for transmitting the laser beam from the laser source into the body and to the assembly of laser supply, as well as other cables related to the operation or monitoring of the laser supply set and its cutting operation.
    Figure 3A shows an example of a modality of a laser shear plunger assembly that could be used in a laser assisted BOP. Thus, a set of laser shear plungers 300 having a body 301. The body has a cavity 304, whose cavity has a central geometric axis 311 (traced line) and a wall 341. The BOP cavity is shown. it also has a vertical geometric axis and in this modality the vertical geometric axis and the central geometric axis are the same, which is generally the case for BOPs. (The designation of these geometric axes is based on the BOP configuration and are relative to the BOP structures themselves, not the position of the BOP with respect to the earth's surface. Thus, the vertical geometric axis of the BOP will not change if the BOP, for example, was on your side). Typically, the central geometric axis of the cavity 311 is about the same geometric axis as the central geometric axis of the cavity or wellhead opening through which the tubulars are inserted into the wellbore.
    Body 301 contains and supports the lower shear plunger
    302 and the upper shear piston 303, the pistons of which have piston assemblies 305 and 306 associated with them. In operation, piston assemblies 305, 306 drive the pistons 302, 303 in the direction of the central geometric axis 311, coupling, cutting and moving through the tubular 312, and veining the cavity 304, and thus, the well. The body 301 also has a passage assembly 313 to manage the pressure and allow fiber optic cables and other cables, tubes, wires and conduction means, which may be necessary for the operation of the laser cutter, to be inserted in the body 301. The body houses an upper laser supply set 309 and a lower laser supply set 310.
    Looking at Figure 3B, a more detailed illustration of the shear piston adjustment surfaces 308, 307 of the embodiment shown in Figure 3A is shown. Thus, the adjustment surfaces 308 of the upper shear plunger 303 have an upper surface 322, a lower surface 323, a face 321, a leading edge 319, the edge of which is between the lower surface 323 and the face 321, and a rear edge 320, the edge of which is between the upper surface 322 and the face 321. The adjusting surfaces 307 of the lower shear piston 302 have an upper surface 317, a lower surface 318, a face 316, a leading edge 314, whose edge is between the upper surface 317 and the face 316, and a rear edge 315, the edge of which is between the face 316 and the lower surface
    318.
    Figures 4A to 4D, are seen in cross section of the modality shown in Figures 3A and 3B taken along line 4-4 and show the operating sequences of the laser shear plunger assembly 300, cutting the tubular 312 and sealing the cavity 304. In Figures 4A to 4D an additional detail of the upper laser supply set 309 of the laser plunger assembly 300 is also shown. In this embodiment, the lower laser set 310 could have components and configurations similar to the upper laser supply set 309. However, the lower laser set 310 could have different configurations and more or less laser cutters.
    The laser supply set 309 has four laser cutters 326, 327, 328, and 329. Flexible support cables are associated with each of the laser cutters. Thus, the flexible support cable 331 is associated with the laser cutter 326, the flexible support cable 332 is associated with the laser cutter 327, the flexible support cable 333 is associated with the laser cutter 328, and the cable flexible support cable 330 is associated with the laser cutter 329. The flexible support cables are located inside the channel 339 and enter the passage assembly
    313. In the general area of the passage set 313, the support cables move from flexible to semi-flexible, and can also be included inside the conduit 338 for conduction to a high power laser, or other sources of materials for the operation of cut. The flexible support cables 330, 331, 332, and 333 have an extra or additional length, which accommodates the orbit movement of the laser cutters 326, 327, 328 and 329 around the geometric axis 311, and around the tubular 312.
    Figures 4A to 4D show the activation sequence of the laser shear plunger assembly 300 to cut a tubular 312 and vein the cavity 304. In this example, the first view (for example, an instantaneous, already that the preference sequence is continuous rather than scaled or in steps) of the sequence shown in Figure 4A. As activated, the four laser cutters 326, 327, 328 and 329 fire laser beams 334, 335, 336 and 337 respectively. The beams are directed in the direction of the central geometric axis 311. As such, the beams are fired from inside the BOP, from outside the cavity wall 341, and move in the direction of the central geometric axis 311 of the BOP. The laser beams reach the tubular 312 and begin to cut, that is, remove material from the tubular
    312. If cavity 304 is seen as the face of a clock, laser cutters 326, 327, 328 and 329 could be seen as being initially positioned at 12 o'clock, 9 o'clock, 6 o'clock and 3 o'clock, respectively.
    Upon activation, the laser cutters and their respective laser beams, begin to orbit around the central geometric axis 311, and the tubular 312. (In this configuration, the laser cutters would also rotate when
    pain of its own geometric axis as they orbit, and thus, if they were moved through a complete orbit, they would also have moved through a complete rotation). In the present example, the cutters and bundles orbit in a counterclockwise direction, as seen in the figures; however, a clockwise rotation can also be used.
    As the laser beams are fired and the orbiting movement occurs, the shear plungers 303, 302 are activated in the direction of each other and in the direction of the tubular 312. Thus, as seen in the next view of the sequence, Figure 4B, the laser cutters 326, 327, 328 and 329 rotated 45 degrees, with the laser beams moving along the beam paths 334,335, 336, and 337 having cut through 1/8 of sections (that is, a total of half) of the circumference of the tubular 312. Figure 4C then shows the cutter having moved through a quarter turn.
    Thus, in Figure 4C, laser cutters 326,327,328 and 329 rotated a quarter turn, with laser beams 334, 335, 336 and 337 having cut through the tubular 312. Thus, cutter 326 could be seen as having moved from 12 o'clock position to the 9 o'clock position, with the other cutters having similarly changed their respective clock face positions.
    The upper surface 312, the rear edge 320, the face 321, and the front edge 319, of the upper piston and the upper surface 317 and the front edge 314 of the lower piston are additionally shown as they approach and couple the tube. - home 312 and the area where the laser beams cut through the tubular.
    Figure 4D then shows the last view of the sequence with the laser cutters having been deactivated and no longer firing their laser beams and shear plungers in a seal coupling.
    The cavity 304 is completely filled and blocked by the shear pistons 303, 302. As seen in Figure 4C, only the upper surface 322, the rear edge 320, face 321 and the front edge 319 of the upper piston 303 and a portion of the upper surface 317 of the lower piston 302, the other portions of the upper surface 317 being in coupling with the lower surface 323 of the piston 302.
    During the cutting operation, and specifically for circular cuts that are intended to cut the tubular, it is preferable that the tubular does not move in a vertical direction. Thus, when or before the laser cutters are fired, the tube plungers, the annular preventive controller, or a separate holding device must be activated to prevent vertical movement of the tube during the laser cutting operation.
    The rate of orbital movement of laser cutters is dependent on the number of cutters used, the power of the laser beam when it reaches the surface of the tubular to be cut, the thickness of the tubular to be cut, and the rate at which the laser cuts the tubular. The rate of orbital movement should be slow enough to ensure that the desired cuts are completed.
    In addition to the orbiting cutters, the laser beam can be scaled, for example, moved in a fan-like pattern. In this way the beam path would be scanned along the area to be cut, for example, an area of a tubular, while the cutter, or at least the base of the cutter, would remain in a fixed position. This scanning of the laser beam can be performed, for example, by moving the cutter back and forth around a fixed point, for example, as the oscillating fan movement. This can also be performed by having the optics contained within the cutter that scans the beam path, for example, a laser scanner, and thus the laser beam in the pattern as a fan. For example, a mirror or multifaceted prism that is rotated can be used as a scanner. It should be noted, however, that the scanning processes in general could be less efficient than the other cutting proposals provided in this specification. Additional scanning patterns for the beam path and the laser beam could also be employed to perform or resolve a specific tubular cutting or configuration application within a BOP cavity.
    The orbital or other movement of the laser cutters can be performed by mechanical, hydraulic and electromechanical systems known in the art. For example, cutters can be mounted on motorcycles
    steppers that are powered by batteries, inside the BOP, surface electrical cables, or both.
    Stepper motors can also have controllers associated with them, whose controllers can be configured to control stepper motors to perform specific movements that correspond to specific cutting steps.
    Cam operated systems can be used to move the cutters through a cutting motion or cycle.
    The cams can be driven by electric motors, hydraulic motors, hydraulic pistons or combinations of the above, to preferably provide backup systems to move the cutters, in case a half motor fails.
    A gearbox, rack gear assembly, or combinations thereof can be used to provide the cutter movement, in conjunction with an electric motor, hydraulic motor or piston assembly.
    The control system can be integral with the cutter motor medium, such as a stepper motor control combination, it can be part of the BOP, such as being contained with the other control system in the BOP, or it can be on the probe , or combine
    above.
    The use of the term "completed" cut, and such similar terms, includes cutting the tubular into two sections, that is, a cut that cuts across the entire wall and around the entire circumference of the tubular, as well as cuts in which a sufficient material it is removed from the tubular to sufficiently weaken the tubular to ensure that the shear plungers are in a seal coupling.
    Depending on the specific configuration of the laser shear plunger assembly, and the intended use of the BOP, a completed cut could be, for example: cut the tubular into two separate sections; the removal of a ring of material around the outer portion of the tubular, from approximately 10% to approximately 90% of the wall thickness; a number of perforations created in the wall, but not extending through the wall of the tubular; a number of perforations completely traversing the tubular wall; a number of cracks created in the wall, but not extending through the tubular wall; a number of slits completely crossing the wall of the tubular; the ma-
    material removed by the firing patterns described in this specification; or, other patterns of material removal and combination of the above. It is preferred that the complete cut is done in less than a minute, and more preferably that the complete cut is done in 30 seconds or less.
    The rate of orbital movement can be fixed at the rate needed to complete a cut for the most extreme tubular or tubular combination, or the rate of rotation could be variable, or predetermined, to match the specific tubular, or tubular types, which will be present inside the BOP during a specific drilling operation.
    The greater the number of laser cutters in a rotating laser supply set, the slower the rate of orbital movement can be to complete a cut in the same amount of time. Also, increasing the number of laser cutters decreases the time to complete a cut of a tubular, without having to increase the orbital rate. Increasing the power of the laser beams will allow for faster tubular cutting, thus allowing faster orbiting rates, less laser cutters, shorter time to complete a cut, or combinations thereof.
    The laser cutters used in the examples and illustrations of the modalities of the present inventions can be any device suitable for supplying high power laser energy. Thus, any configuration of optical elements to culminate and focus the laser beam can be employed. An additional consideration, however, is the management of the optical effects of fluids and materials that may be located within the annular space between the tubular and the cavity wall inside the BOP.
    Such drilling fluids could include, for example, water, sea water, salt water, brine, drilling mud, nitrogen, inert gas, diesel, fog, foam, or hydrocarbons. Pit drilling fragments, for example, debris, may also be present in these drilling fluids, which are being removed from, or created by, advancing the borehole or other downhole operations. Two-phase fluids and three-phase fluids may be present, which would constitute mixtures of two or three types of material. These drilling fluids can interfere with the laser beam's ability to cut through the tubular. Such fluids may not transmit, or may only partially transmit, the laser beam, and thus interfere with, or reduce the power of the laser beam when the laser beam is passed through. If these fluids are flowing, such a flow can additionally increase their non-transmissivity. The non-transmissiveness and partial transmissivity of these fluids can result from several phenomena, including without limitation, absorption, refraction and dispersion. In addition, transmissivity and partial transmissivity can be, and probably will be, dependent on the wavelength of the laser beam.
    In a BOP of 476.2 mm (18 3/4 "), that is, the cavity or hole has a diameter of approximately 476.2 mm (18 3/4"), depending on the configuration of the laser cutters and the tubular size within the cavity, the laser beam could be required to pass through more than 152.4 mm (6 ") of drilling fluids. In other configurations the laser cutters can be positioned in close proximity, or very close to the tubular to be cut and moved in a way where close proximity is maintained. In these configurations the distance for the laser beam to travel between the laser cutters and the tubular to be cut can be kept in. approximately less than approximately 50.8 mm (2 "), less than approximately 25.4 mm (1") and less than approximately 12.7 mm (1/2 "), and kept within the ranges of less than approximately 76.2 mm (3 ") less than approximately 12.7 mm (1/2") and less than approximately 50.8 mm (2 ") less than approximately 12.7 mm (1 /two").
    Specifically, for these configurations and modalities, where the laser has a relatively long distance to travel, for example greater than approximately 25.4 mm (1 ") or 50.8 mm (2") (although this distance may be greater or less depending on the laser power, the wavelength and the type of drilling fluid, as well as other factors) it is advantageous to minimize the harmful effects of such well bore fluids and substantially ensure, or ensure, that such fluids do not interfere with the transmission of the laser beam, or that sufficient laser power is used to overcome any losses that may occur from the transmission of the laser beam through such fluids. To this end, mechanical, pressure and jet systems can be used to reduce, minimize or substantially eliminate the effect of drilling fluids on the laser beam. For example, mechanical devices such as plugs and plungers, including the annular preventive controller, can be used for the area where the laser cutting is to be performed and the drilling fluid removed from this isolation area, for example, through the insertion of an inert gas, or an optically transmissible fluid, such as an oil or diesel fuel. The use of a fluid in this configuration has the additional advantage that it is essentially incompressible. Furthermore, a device such as a snorkel, or tube, which is filled with an optically transmissive fluid (gas or liquid) can be extended between or otherwise placed within the area between the laser cutter and the tubular to be cut . In this way, the laser beam is transmitted through the snorkel or tube to the tubular.
    A high pressure gas jet can be used with the laser cutter and the laser beam. The high pressure gas jet can be used to clean a path, or partial path to the laser beam. The gas may be inert, or it may be air, oxygen, or another type of gas that accelerates laser cutting. The relatively small amount of oxygen needed, and the rapid rate at which it would be consumed by burning the tube through the laser - metal - oxygen interaction, should not present a danger or fire risk to the drilling rig, surface equipment, personnel, or subsea components.
    The use of oxygen, air, or the use of very high-powered laser beams, for example greater than approximately 1 kW, could create and maintain a plasma bubble or a gas bubble in the cutting area, which it could partially or completely displace the drilling fluid in the path of the laser beam.
    Preventive variable piston controllers could be used in conjunction with oxygen (or air) and laser cutters. Thus, a single variable plunger could be used to grip and seal against a tubular inside the BOP cavity. The variable plunger would form a small cavity within the plungers, when coupled against the tubular, whose cavity would surround the tubular. This cavity could then have its pressure reduced to or near atmospheric, ventilating the cavity. Oxygen, or air, (or other transmissible gases or liquids) could be added to the cavity before the laser cutters, which would be contained inside the pistons, were fired. In this way, the various pistons would have laser cutters in them, would form an insulation cavity when coupled with a tubular, and would provide a means to quickly cut the tubular with minimal interference from drilling fluids.
    Two variable pistons, one above the other, can also be used, if a larger insulation cavity is desirable, or additional space is required for laser cutters. Furthermore, although the cavity can be vented to or about atmospheric pressure, an increased pressure can be maintained to, for example, reduce or slow down the inflow of any drilling fluid from within the tubular as it is being cut.
    A high-pressure laser liquid jet, which has a single flow of liquid, can be used with the laser cutter and laser beam. The liquid used for the jet must be transmissive, or at least substantially transmissive, to the laser beam. In this type of jet laser beam combination, the laser beam can be coaxial with the jet. This configuration, however, has the disadvantage and the problem that the fluid jet does not act as a waveguide. A disadvantage and additional problem with this single jet configuration is that the jet must provide both the force to keep the drilling fluid away from the laser beam and the means to transmit the beam.
    A composite fluid laser jet can be used as a laser cutter. The composite fluid jet has an inner core jet that is surrounded by annular outer jets. The laser beam is directed optically into the core jet and transmitted by the core jet, or a plurality of accommodated annular jets can be employed. As such, the composite fluid jet has a core jet. This core jet is surrounded by a first annular jet. This first annular jet may also be surrounded by a second annular jet; and the second annular jet may be surrounded by a third annular jet, which may be surrounded by additional annular jets. The external annular jets work to protect the internal core jet from the drilling fluid present in the annular space between the BOP cavity wall and the tubular wall. The core stream and the first annular stream must be made of fluids that have different refractive indices. In the situation where the composite jet has only one core and an annular jet that surrounds the nucleus, the refractive index of the fluid that makes up the nucleus must be greater than the refractive index of the fluid that makes up the annular jet. In this way, the difference in refractive indices allows the core of the composite fluid stream to act as a waveguide, keeping the laser beam contained within the core stream and transmitting the laser beam within the core stream. Furthermore, in this configuration, the laser beam does not leave the core jet appreciably, if at all, and enters the annular jet.
    The pressure and speed of the various jets that make up the composite fluid jet may vary depending on the applications and the environment of use. Thus, for example, the pressure can vary from approximately 20,700 kPa (3,000 psi), to approximately 27,600 kPa (4,000 psi) to approximately 207,000 kPa (30,000 psi), preferably to approximately 484,000 kPa (70,000 psi), for higher pressures. The core jet and annular jet (s) can have the same pressure, or different pressures, the core jet can have a higher pressure or the annular jets can have a higher pressure. Preferably the core jet has a higher pressure than the annular jet. For example, in a multiple jet configuration, the core jet could have 484,000 kPa (70,000 psi), the second annular jet (which is positioned adjacent to the core and the third annular jet could have 414,000 kPa (60,000 psi) and the third annular jet (external, which is positioned adjacent to the second annular jet and is in contact with the working environment) could have 345,000 kPa (50,000 psi). The speed of the jets can be the same or different. the speed of the core jet may be greater than the speed of the annular jet, the speed of the annular jet may be greater than the speed of the core jet, and the speeds of multiple annular jets may be different or the same The speeds of the core jet and annular jet can be selected, so that the core jet contacts the drilling fluid, or such contact is minimized. Jet speeds can vary from relatively slow to very fast. and preferably vari am approximately 1 m / s (meters / second), approximately 50 m / s, approximately 200 m / s, approximately 300 m / s and greater. The order in which the jets are first formed can be the core jet first, followed by the annular jets, the annular ring jet first followed by the core, or the core jet and the annular ring being formed simultaneously. To minimize or eliminate the interaction of the core with the drilling fluid, the annular jet is created first followed by the core jet.
    In the selection of fluids to form the jets and in determining the amount of difference in the refractive indices for fluids, the wavelength of the laser beam and the power of the laser beam are factors that must be considered. So, for example, for a high-powered laser beam that has a wavelength in the range of 1080 nm (nanometer) the core jet can be made from an oil that has a refractive index of approximately 1.53 and the annular jet can be made of a mixture of oil and water that has a refractive index of approximately 1.33 to approximately 1.525. Thus, the core jet for this configuration would have an NA (numerical aperture) of approximately 0.95 to approximately 0.12, respectively. Further details, descriptions, and examples of such compound fluid laser jets are contained in Zediker et. al, US Provisional Patent Application Serial Number 61 / 378,910, entitled
    Laser Wave Guide and Methods of Use, deposited on August 31, 2010, the entire description of which is incorporated herein by reference. It should be noted that said incorporation here by reference does not provide any right to practice or use the inventions of said applications or any patents that may arise from them and does not, from the origin, grant any licenses under them.
    In addition to the use of high-powered laser beams to cut the tubulars, other forms of directed energy or means to provide the same can be used in the BOP stack. Such directed energy means would include plasma cutters, arc cutters, high-powered water jets, and particulate water jets. Each of these means, however, has disadvantages when compared to high power laser energy. Specifically, high power laser energy has greater control, reliability and is substantially potentially less harmful to BOP system components than these other means. In spite of everything, the use of these other less desirable means is contemplated by the present inventions here as a means of directed energy to cut the tubulars within a BOP cavity. The angle at which the laser beam contacts the tubular can be determined by the optics inside the laser cutter or it can be determined by the angle or position of the laser cutter itself. Figure 23 shows a schematic representation of a laser cutter 2300 with a beam path 2301 exiting the cutter at various angles. When a laser beam is propagated, for example, fired or thrown from the laser cutter, the laser beam would move along a beam path. The beam path is additionally shown in relation to the vertical geometric axis of the BOP cavity (dashed line) 2311. As seen in the enlarged views of Figures 23A and 23B, the angle that the beam path 2301 forms with the vertical geometric axis 2311, and so the angle that the laser beam moving along this beam forms with the vertical geometric axis 2311, can be an acute angle 2305 or an obese angle 2306 in relation to the portion of the geometric axis 2311 furthest from the connection side of wellhead 2310. A normal or 90º angle can also be used. The wellhead connection side 2310 is shown in the figures as a reference point for the axis determinations used here.
    Laser cutters have a discharge end from which the laser beam is propagated. Laser cutters also have a beam path. The beam path is defined by the path that the laser beam intends to take, and extends from the discharge end of the laser cutter to the material or area to be cut; and potentially beyond.
    The angle between the path that the beam (and a laser beam that moves along this path than the beam) and the vertical geometric axis of BOP, generally corresponds to the angle at which the path that the beam and the laser beam will reach the tubular that is present inside the BOP cavity. However, using a reference point that is based on the BOP to determine the angle is preferred, because the tubulars can move or, in the case of joints, or a damaged tubular, have a surface that has variable planes that do not are parallel to the central geometric axis of the BOP cavity.
    As the angle formed between the laser beam and the vertical geometric axis of BOP can vary, and be predetermined, the position of the laser cutter, or more specifically the point where the laser beam leaves the cutter does not necessarily need to be normal to the area to be cut. Thus, the position of the laser cutter or the beam launch angle can be such that the laser beam moves from: above the area to be cut, which would result in an acute angle being formed between the laser beam and the vertical geometric axis of BOP; the same level as the area to be cut, which would result in an angle of 90º being formed between the laser beam and the vertical geometric axis of BOP; or, below the cut area, which would result in an obtuse angle being formed between the laser beam and the vertical geometric axis of BOP. In this way, the relationship between the shape of the pistons, the surfaces of the pistons, the forces that the pistons exert, and the location of the area to be cut by the laser can be evaluated and refined to optimize the relationship of these factors for a specific application. .
    The ability to predetermin the angle that the laser beam forms with the vertical geometric axis of BOP provides the ability to have specific and predetermined shapes for the end of a cut pipe.
    Thus, if the laser beam is coming above the cutting area, an inward slope can be cut over the upper end of the lower part of the cut tubular. If the laser beam is coming below the cutting area, an outward slope can be cut over the upper end of the lower part of the cut tubular. If the laser beam is coming from the same level as the cutting area, no slope will be cut at the ends of the cut tubulars. These various end shapes for the cut bottom tubular can be advantageous for attaching various types of fishing tools to that tubular to remove it from the well at some point in the later time.
    The number of laser cutters used in a configuration of the present inventions can be a single cutter, two cutters, three cutters, and up to and including 12 or more cutters. As discussed above, the number of cutters depends on several factors and the optimal number of cutters for any specific configuration and end use can be determined based on the end use requirements and the descriptions and teachings provided in this specification.
    Examples of laser power, creep and cut rates, based on published data, are shown in Table 1.
    TABLE 1 Cs EEE E (mm) laser dot laser cut (watts) (microns) (MW / cm2) (m / min) sweet stainless steel The flexible support cables for laser cutters provide laser energy and other materials that are needed to perform the cutting operation.
    Although shown as a single cable for each laser cutter, multiple cables could be used.
    So, for example, in the case of a laser cutter that employs a composite fluid laser beam, the flexible support cable would include a high power optical fiber, a first line for the core jet fluid and a second line for the annular jet fluid.
    These lines could be combined into a single cable or they could be kept separate.
    In addition, for example, if a laser cutter that employs an oxygen jet is used, the cutter would need a high-powered optical fiber and an oxygen line.
    These lines could be combined into a single cable or they could be kept separate as multiple cables.
    The lines and optical fibers must be covered with flexible protective covers or outer sheaths to protect them from well hole fluids, the BOP environment, and the movement of laser cutters, while at the same time remaining flexible enough to accommodate the orbital movement of laser cutters.
    As the support cables approach the passage set, flexibility decreases and more rigid means to protect them can be used.
    For example, the optical fiber can be placed inside a metal tube.
    The conduit that leaves the passage set adds additional protection for the support cables, during the assembly of the BOP, the manipulation of the BOP, the positioning of the BOP, and the environmental conditions on the seabed.
    It is preferable that the passage assemblies, ducts, support cables, laser cutters and other subsea components associated with the operation of the laser cutters, should be constructed to meet the pressure requirements for the intended use of the BOP .
    The components related to the laser cutter, if they do not meet the pressure requirements for a specific use or if redundant protection was desired, can be contained inside or closed by a structure that meets the requirements.
    Thus, if the BOP is classified as 69,000 kPa (10,000 psi) these components must be built to withstand this pressure.
    For deep water and ultra-deep uses
    The components related to the laser cutter should preferably be able to operate under pressures of 103,500 kPa (15,000 psi), 138,000 kPa (20,000 psi) or greater. The materials, connections, assemblies, useful to meet these pressure requirements are known to those versed in the offshore drilling technique, in the submarine Remote Operated Vehicle ("ROV") technique, and in the high power laser technique.
    Figure 5 shows an example of a modality of a laser plunger assembly that could be used in a laser assisted BOP. Thus, a laser shear plunger assembly 500 having a body 501 is shown. The cup has a cavity 504, the cavity of which has a central geometric axis 511. The body 501 also has a passage assembly 513 to manage the pressure and allow fiber optic cables and other cables, tubes, wires and conduction means, which may be necessary for the operation of the laser cutter, to be inserted into body 501. Plunger piston assemblies 505, 506 which are partially shown in this figure, are associated with the body 501. The body houses a laser supply set 509. The laser supply set 509 has eight laser cutters 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546 and 547. Flexible support cables are associated with each of the laser cutters. The flexible support cables are long enough to accommodate the orbit of the laser cutters around the central axis 511. In this mode, cutters need to traverse only 1/8 of a complete orbit to cut around the entire circumference of a tubular. The flexible support cables are located within a channel and enter passage set 513. The passage set has a nominal pressure at the same level as the BOP, and thus must be able to withstand pressures of 34,500 kPa (5,000 psi), 69,000 kPa (10,000 psi), 103,500 kPa (15,000 psi), 138,000 kPa (20,000 psi) and greater. In the general area of the passage set 513 the support cables transition from flexible to semi-flexible, and can be additionally included in conduit 538 for conduction to a high power laser, or other sources.
    A 570 protection is also provided. This 570 protection pro-
    protects the laser cutters and the laser supply set for drilling fluids and tubular movement through the BOP cavity.
    It is preferably positioned so that it does not extend into, or otherwise interfere with, the BOP cavity or the movement of tubulars through this cavity.
    This preferably has a nominal pressure at the same level as the other BOP components.
    When activated, it can be mechanically or hydraulically moved away from the path of the laser beam or the laser beam can propagate through it by cutting and removing any protective material that initially obstructs the laser beam.
    Upon activation, laser cutters propagate laser beams (which can also be referred to as firing the laser or firing the laser to create a laser beam) from outside the BOP cavity into this cavity and towards any tubular that may be inside this cavity.
    Thus, there are the laser beam paths 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, and 587, whose paths revolve around the central geometric axis 511 during operation.
    In general, the operation of a laser-assisted BOP stack where at least one laser beam is directed towards the center of the BOP and at least one laser cutter is configured to orbit (partially or completely) around the center of the BOP to obtain circumferential cuts, that is, cuts around the circumference of a tubular (including cuts like slits that partially extend around the circumference, cuts that extend completely around the circumference, cuts that go partially through the circumference tubular wall thickness, cuts that go through the tubular wall thickness, or combinations of the above) can occur as follows.
    Upon activation, the laser cutter fires a laser beam in the direction of the tubular to be cut.
    Within a period of time after the laser beam has first been released, the cutter begins to move, orbiting around the tubular, and so the laser beam is moved around the circumference of the tubular, cutting through the tubular material.
    The laser beam will stop firing at the point when the tubular cut is complete.
    At some point before, during, or after the
    stop the laser beam, the plunger cutters are activated, cutting, displacing, or both, any tubular material that may still be in its path, and sealing the BOP cavity and the well.
    Figure 6 shows an example of a modality of a laser plunger assembly, which has fixed laser cutters, for use in a laser assisted BOP.
    Thus, a laser shear plunger assembly 600 having a body 601 is shown. The body has a cavity 604, the cavity of which has a central geometric axis 611. The body 601 also has a passage assembly 613 for managing pressure and allow fiber optic cables and other cables, tubes, wires and conduction means, which may be necessary for the operation of the laser cutter, to be inserted into the 601 body. The 605 piston piston assemblies , 606, which are partially shown in this figure, are associated with the body 601. The body houses a laser supply set 609. The laser supply set 609 has eight laser cutters 640, 641, 642, 643 , 644, 645, 646 and 647. In this mode, cutters do not orbit and move.
    The cutters are configured so that their beam paths (not shown) are radially distributed around and across the central geometric axis 611. Support cables 650, 651,652,653,654, 655, 656 and 657 are associated with each of the cutters 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646 and 647 laser cables. The support cables in this modality do not need to accommodate the orbit of the laser cutters around the central geometric axis 611, because the laser cutters are fixed and do not orbit.
    Furthermore, as the laser cutters are attached, the support cables 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656 and 657 can be semi-flexible or rigid and the entire set 609 can be contained within an epoxy or other protective material .
    The support cables are located inside a channel and enter the 613 passage set. The passage set has a nominal pressure at the same level as the BOP, and thus must be able to withstand pressures of 34,500 kPa (5,000 psi), 69,000 kPa (10,000 psi), 103,500 kPa (15,000 psi), 138,000 kPa (20,000 psi) and greater.
    In the general area of the 613 passage set, the transitional support cables
    flexible to semi-flexible, and can be additionally included in the 638 conduit for driving to a high power laser, or other sources. A protection, such as protection 570 in Figure 5, can also be used with this and other modalities, but it is not shown in this figure.
    Although eight uniformly spaced laser cutters are shown in the example of a fixed laser cutter modality in Figure 6, other configurations are contemplated. Less or more laser cutters can be used. the cutters can be positioned so that their respective laser beams are parallel, or at least non-intersecting within the BOP, instead of radially intersecting each other, as would be the case for the modality shown in Figure 6.
    In the operation of such fixed laser cutter modalities, laser cutters would fire the laser beams along the beam paths. The beam paths do not move with respect to the BOP. The laser beams would cut the tubular material substantially, weakening it and making it easier to cut and move the tubular through the shear piston. Depending on the placement of the laser beams on the tubular, the point size of the laser beams on the tubular, and the power of the laser beam on the tubular, the cutters could quickly cut the tubular into two sections. If such a shear laser cut is made above the shear pistons, the lower section of the tubular may fall into the well hole, provided there is sufficient space at the bottom of the well hole, and thus outside the piston path. shear, a blind plunger, or both. A similar cut, which cuts the tubular completely into two pieces, could be done by the orbiting cutter modalities, for example, the modality shown in Figure 3A, and some of the plunger laser cutter modalities, for example, the embodiment shown in Figure 10A and other embodiments of the present inventions.
    Looking at Figure 7, an example of a modality of a laser shear plunger assembly that could be used in a laser assisted BOP is shown. The scissor piston assembly
    laser shear 700 has a body 701. The body 701 has a lower shear plunger 702 (closer to the wellhead) and an upper shear plunger 703 which, upon activation, are forced into the internal cavity 704 by the piston assembly lower 705 and upper piston assembly 706. Laser supply assemblies 741, 742 are also provided. Laser supply assemblies 741, 742 are located on pistons 702, 703, respectively.
    The laser supply assemblies 741, 742 have flexible support cables 745, 746, respectively, which pass through the passage assemblies 743, 744, respectively, into the respective conduits 747, 748, whose con- ducts are optically associated with at least one high power laser source.
    Passage assemblies as well as all places where the flexible support cable passes must have a nominal pressure to meet the BOP requirements and specifically the pressure requirements associated with the structures through which the cable is passed.
    Sufficient lengths of flexible support cables 745, 746 are provided to accommodate the movement of shear plungers 702, 703 and piston assemblies 705, 706. During drilling and other activities, tubulars, not shown in Figure 7, are typically positioned within internal cavity 704. When tubulars are present within cavity 704, upon activation of the laser shear plunger assembly 700, laser supply assemblies 741, 742 provide high-power laser for the tubular located inside cavity 704. High-power laser energy cuts the tubular completely, or at least weakens the tubular, to allow the 702, 703 shear plungers to quickly seal the cavity 704, moving the tubular sections out of the way of the shear pistons if completely cut by laser energy, or cutting the tubular if only weakened by the laser and moving the sections of tubular out of the shear plunger path and so, ensuring that the shear plunger surfaces 707, 708 engage, seal, and thus seal the BOP 704 cavity and
    O the well.
    With the laser supply assemblies within the pistons, such as the laser supply assemblies 742, 742 of the embodiment seen in Figure 7, the distance of the laser beam path through any drilling fluid can be greatly reduced if not eliminated. Thus, the firing of the laser beam can be delayed until the pistons are very close to, or touching, the tubular to be cut.
    The protectors for the laser cutters and the laser supply sets can also be used with the laser plunger figures, such as the modality shown in Figure 7, where the cutters or sets are located inside the plungers. Thus, such protections can be associated with the plunger faces and removed when activated or cut by the laser beam.
    Looking at Figure 8, an example of a modality of a laser shear plunger assembly that could be used in a laser assisted BOP is shown. The laser shear plunger assembly 800 has a body 801. Body 801 has a lower shear plunger 802 (closest to the wellhead) and an upper shear plunger 803 which, upon activation, are forced into the inner cavity 804 for the lower piston assembly 805 and the upper piston assembly 806. Laser supply assemblies 841, 842, 850, 852 are also provided. Laser supply assemblies 841, 850 are located on plunger 802. The laser supply assemblies 842, 852 are located on plunger 803. laser supply assemblies 841, 842, 850, 852 have flexible support cables 845, 846, 851, 853. which pass through the passage assemblies 843 ( cables 845, 851), 844 (cables 846, 853), into the respective conduits 847, 848, whose conduits are optically associated with at least one high power laser source. Passage assemblies, as well as all locations where the flexible support cable passes, must have a nominal pressure to meet the BOP requirements and specifically the pressure requirements associated with the structures through which the cable is passed. Length
    Sufficient tools of the flexible support cables 845, 846, 851, 853 are provided to accommodate the movement of the shear plungers 802, 803 and piston assemblies 805, 806. During drilling and other activities, the tubulars, not shown in Figure 8, they are typically positioned inside the internal cavity 804. When the tubulars are present inside the cavity 804, when activating the laser shear plunger assembly 800, the laser supply sets 841, 842, 850, 852 provide high-power laser energy to the tubular located within cavity 804. High-power laser energy cuts the tubular completely, or at least weakens the tubular, to allow the 802, 803 shear plungers to quickly seal cavity 804, moving the tubular sections out of the way of the shear plungers if completely cut by laser energy, or cutting the tubular if only weakened by lasere by moving the sections tubular ions out of the shear plunger path and thus, ensuring that the shear plungers engage, seal, and thus seal the BOP 804 cavity and well. In this fashion, if the plungers are not able to cut completely or otherwise seal, the laser supply sets 850 and 852 could be fired repeatedly to remove any material that obstructs the plunger seal.
    Looking at Figure 9, an example of a modality of a laser shear plunger assembly that could be used in a laser assisted BOP is shown. The laser shear plunger assembly 900 has a body 901. Body 901 has a lower shear plunger 902 (closest to the wellhead) and an upper shear plunger 903 which, upon activation, are forced into the inner cavity 904 by the lower piston assembly 905 and the upper piston assembly 906. Laser supply assemblies 941, 942, and 909 are also provided. Laser supply assemblies 941, 942 are located on pistons 902, 903. The laser supply set 909 is located on body 901. The laser supply sets
    941, 942 have flexible support cables 945, 946, respectively, which pass through the passage assemblies 943, 944, into the respective conduits 947, 948, whose conduits are optically associated with at least one laser source. High power. The 909 laser supply set has flexible support cables and a routing set associated with them, but which are not shown in the figure. The laser set 909 can be of any type of laser set shown or taught for use on the body by the present specification, such as, for example, the sets in the modalities shown in Figures 4A, 50u6. as, all places where the flexible support cable passes, must have a nominal pressure to meet the requirements of the BOP and specifically the pressure requirements associated with the structures through which the cable is passed. Sufficient lengths of the flexible support cables 945, 946 are provided to accommodate the movement of shear pistons 902, 903 and piston assemblies 905, 906.
    During drilling and other activities, tubulars, not shown in Figure 9, are typically positioned within internal cavity 904. When tubulars are present within cavity 904, upon activation of the laser shear plunger assembly 900, laser supply sets 941, 942, 909 provide high power laser energy to the tubular located within cavity 904. High power laser energy cuts the tubular completely, or at least weakens the tubular, to allow shear plungers 902, 903 to quickly seal cavity 904, moving the tubular sections out of the way of the shear plungers if completely cut by laser energy, or cutting the tubular if only weakened by the laser and moving the tubular sections out of the shear plunger path and so, ensuring that the shear plungers engage, seal, and thus seal the BOP 904 cavity and well. Figures 10A-C, 11A-C, 12A-C, 13A-C, 14 and 15 show illustrative examples of laser cutter configurations for
    laser elements in shear pistons.
    Although some of these figures can be seen as an upper piston, in some of these figures the upper and lower pistons are designated, these figures and their teachings are applicable to upper and lower pistons, and various locations on these pistons, such as , for example, the locations of the 850 and 841 sets of the modality shown in Figure 8. Also, smaller or larger numbers of laser cutters can be used, the locations of the cutters can be varied, the position of the cutters can be uniformly or not evenly distributed across the face of the plunger, and other variations of laser cutter placement can be employed.
    In addition, these plungers or laser cutters can also have protections associated with them, to protect cutters from borehole and tubular fluids.
    Figures 14 and 15 also provide examples of various ways that the adjustment surfaces of a shear plunger can employ.
    The laser shear pistons of the present invention can use any form of adjustment surface known in the art.
    or later developed.
    In Figures 10A - 10C a configuration of laser cutters is shown in a shear piston, only the front portion, for example, the portion intended to couple a tubular, of the piston, is shown.
    Specifically, Figure 10A shows a perspective view of the plunger.
    Figure 10B shows a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 10A and Figure 10C of FIG. 10A shows a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line C-C.
    The shear plunger cutter 1090 has a rear edge 1020, a rear edge surface 1032, a front edge 1019, a front edge surface 1023, and a face surface 1021 positioned between and connecting the front edge 1019 and the rear edge 1020. The 1090 shear plunger has 10 laser cutters 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056,1057,1058, 1059 and 1060. These laser cutters are positioned on the surface face 1021 approximately 1/3 to 1/4 the distance along the face of the front edge 1019, as is generally shown
    sitting in the figures. Each of the 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059 and 1060 laser cutters has a support cable 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069 and 1070 associated with this. The laser cutters are also evenly spaced across the face surface 1021.
    Figures 11A - 11C show a configuration of laser cutters on a shear piston, only the front portion, for example, the portion intended to couple a tubular, of the piston, is shown. Specifically, Figure 11A shows a perspective view of the plunger. Figure 11B shows a cross-sectional view taken along the BB line of Figure 11A and Figure 11C shows a vertical cross-sectional view taken along the CC line of Figure 11A. The shear plunger 1190 has a rear edge 1120, a rear edge surface 1132, a front edge 1119, a front edge surface 1123, and a face surface 1121 positioned between and connecting front edge 1119 and the rear edge 1120. The 1190 shear plunger has six laser cutters 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155 and 1156.
    These laser cutters are positioned on the face surface 1121 in the middle of the face closest to the rear edge 1120, as is generally shown in the figures. Each of the laser cutters 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155 and 1156 has a support cable 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1164, 1065 and 1166 associated with it. The laser cutters are also evenly spaced across the face surface 1121.
    In Figures 12A - 12C a configuration of laser cutters is shown in a shear piston, only the front portion, for example, the portion intended to couple a tubular, of the piston, is shown. Specifically, Figure 12A shows a perspective view of the plunger. Figure 12B shows a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 12A and Figure 12C shows a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 12A. The shear plunger 1290 has a rear edge 1220, a rear edge surface 1232, a front edge 1219, a front edge surface 1223, and a face surface 1221 positioned between and connecting front edge 1219 and the rear edge 1220. The shear plunger 1290 has two laser cutters 1251 and 1252. These laser cutters are positioned on face surface 1221 at half of the face closest to the rear edge 1220, and adjacent to side surfaces 1280, 1281, as is generally shown in the figures. Each of the 1251 and 1252 laser cutters has a support cable 1261 and 1262 associated with it. The laser cutters are also evenly spaced across the face surface 1221.
    In Figures 13A - 13C a configuration of laser cutters is shown in a shear piston, only the front portion, for example, the portion intended to couple a tubular, of the piston, is shown. Specifically, Figure 13A shows a perspective view of the plunger. Figure 13B shows a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 13A and Figure 13C shows a view in vertical cross-section taken along line C-C of Figure 13A. The shear plunger 1390 has a rear edge 1320, a rear edge surface 1332, a front edge 1319, a front edge surface 1323, and a face surface 1321 positioned between and connecting the front edge 1319 and the rear edge 1320 The shear plunger 1390 has two laser cutters 1351 and 1352. These laser cutters are positioned on the face surface 1321 in the general area of the midpoint of the face between the rear edge 1320 and the leading edge 1319, removed those of side surfaces 1380, 1381, and adjacent to midpoint 1383 of the face between side surfaces 1380, 1381 as is generally shown in the figures. Each of the 1351 and 1352 laser cutters has a support cable 1361 and 1362 associated with it. Laser cutters are also evenly spaced across the face surface
    1321.
    Figure 14 shows a configuration of laser cutters on shear pistons 1402, 1403 opposite, whose pistons are in initial coupling with a tubular 1412. The shear piston
    1403 is the upper piston, which has two sides 1481, 1480, and an adjustment surface 1408. The shear piston 1402 is the lower piston, which has two sides 1483, 1482, and an adjustment surface 1407. The adjustment surface - te 1408 has laser cutters 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456 and 1457 associated with this. These cutters have support cables associated with them, whose cables are not shown in this figure. The setting surface 1407 has laser cutters 1471, 1472, 1472, 1374, 1475, 1476, 1477, and 1478 associated with it. These cutters have support cables associated with them, whose cables are not shown in this figure. The cutters on the shear plunger 1402 are in a scaled relationship with the cutters on the shear plunger 1403. As such, the beam path coming out of a cutter on the shear plunger 1402, for example, the beam path 1425 of the cutter 1455, would not intersect any cutter in the shear plunger 1403. Similarly, the beam path coming out of a cutter in the shear plunger 1402, for example, the beam path 1436 of the cutter 1476, would not intersect no cutter on shear plunger 1403. In Figure 15, a configuration of laser cutters on shear plungers 1502, 1503 are shown, whose pistons are in initial coupling with a tubular 1512. Shear plunger 1503 is the upper plunger , which has two sides 1581, 1580, and an adjustment surface 1508. The shear plunger 1502 is the lower piston, which has two sides 1583, 1582, and an adjustment surface 1507. The adjustment surface 14508 has co laser scanners 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 155861559 associated with this. These cutters have support cables associated with them, whose cables are not shown in this figure. The laser cutters are also essentially evenly spaced with respect to each other and are unevenly spaced across the adjustment surfaces 1508, that is, the spacing of cutters relative to the two sides 1581, 1580.
    The firing sequence or order of firing laser cutters in the configurations shown in Figures 10A-C, 11A-C, 12A-C, 13A-
    C, 14 and 15 can be in series, sequentially, simultaneous, from outside to inside, from inside to outside, from side to side, or their combinations and variations. Preferably, the laser cutters would be fired sequentially with the center cutters firing first with the adjacent cutters firing next. Thus, observing the configuration shown in Figures 10A-10C, as an illustration, the cutters would be fired in pairs with the inner cutters 1055, 1056 being fired first, then cutters 1057, 1054 would be fired next, followed by 1058, 1053 etc. A high speed beam switch can be employed to control this firing sequence. Also, preferably, the laser cutters' firing time should be such that the first cutters cut completely through the tubular wall, for example, they drill a hole through the tubular, the following cutters will then fire using it, or otherwise creating, a cutting face moving in the tubular.
    Figures 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 show illustrative examples of laser delivery patterns and their corresponding removal patterns for laser removal of tubular material. Smaller or greater numbers of laser removal areas can be used, larger or smaller laser removal areas can be used, the locations of the laser removal areas can be varied the position of the laser removal areas can be uniformly or not evenly distributed across the tubular, and other variations in laser removal patterns can be employed.
    Figure 16 illustrates a modality of a laser supply pattern that has two laser removal areas 1621, 1622. These laser removal areas 1621, 1622 are shown with respect to tube 1612 and are oriented with respect to to shear pistons 1608, 1607. Arrows 1610, 1609 show the direction of movement of shear pistons 1608, 1607 upon activation and coupling with tubular 1612. Controlling the laser cutters that fire, and the time and firing duration of the laser cutter, this type of supply pattern
    laser equipment can be provided, for example, by the configurations shown in Figures 2-9, 10A-C, 11A-C, 12A-C, 14, 15, and 22A-D. Figure 17 illustrates the laser delivery pattern of Figure 16 being applied to a tubular joint. Thus, the laser delivery pattern has two laser removal areas 1721, 1722. These laser removal areas 1721, 1722 are shown with respect to tubular 1712 and joint 1713. Although the transition from tubular to joint is shown as a line in this drawing, this is for illustration purposes only, as it is understood that the transitions within a wall of a tubular joint can be complex and varied, and thus, a line is used to represent all of these transitions. This figure shows the increase in wall thickness that occurs in a joint and the application of the laser supply pattern to this increased thickness. The laser removal areas are oriented with respect to the shear pistons 1708, 1707. Arrows 1710, 1709 show the direction of movement of the shear pistons 1708, 1707 when activating and coupling with the tubular
    1712. Figure 18 illustrates a modality of a laser supply pattern that has fourteen laser removal areas 1821, 1822, 1823,1824,1825,1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833 , and 1834. These laser removal areas are shown with respect to tubular 1812 and are oriented with respect to shear plungers 1808,
    1807. Arrows 1810, 1809 show the direction of movement of the shear pistons 1808, 1807 when activating and coupling with the tubular1812. The laser removal areas can be seen as forming a number of channels or holes in the tubular having an orientation that is parallel to the movement of the pistons, the movement of which is shown by arrows 1810, 1809. Controlling the laser cutters that fire, and the time and duration of the laser cutter's firing, this type of laser supply pattern can be provided, for example, by the configurations shown in Figures 7-9, 10A-C, 11A-C, and 14. Figure 19 illustrates the laser delivery pattern of Figure
    18 that has been applied to a tubular joint. Thus, the laser delivery pattern has 14 laser removal areas 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, and 1934. These laser removal areas are shown in relation to the 1912 tubular and gasket
    1913. Although the transition from tubular to joint is shown as a line in this drawing, this is for illustration purposes only, it being understood that the transitions within a wall of a joint joint can be complex and varied, and so, a line is used to represent all of these transitions. This figure shows the increase in wall thickness that occurs in a joint and the application of the laser supply pattern to this increased thickness. The laser removal areas are oriented with respect to the shear pistons 1908, 1907. Arrows 1910, 1909 show the direction of movement of the shear pistons 1908, 1907 when activating and coupling with the tubular
    1912.
    Figure 20 illustrates a modality of a laser delivery pattern that has two areas of laser removal 2021, 2022. These areas of laser removal 2021, 2022 are shown in relation to the 2012 tubular and are oriented with respect to to the shear pistons 2008,2007.The arrows 2010, 2009 show the direction of movement of the shear pistons 2008, 2007 upon activation and coupling with the tubular 2012. Controlling the laser cutters that fire, and the time and firing duration of the laser cutter, this type of laser supply pattern can be provided, for example, by the settings shown in Figures2-6, e9 ,.
    Figure 21 illustrates the laser delivery pattern of Figure 20 that has been applied to a tubular joint. Thus, the laser delivery pattern has two laser removal areas 2121, 2122. These laser removal areas 2121, 2122 are shown with respect to tube 2112 and joint 2113. Despite the transition from tubular to joint is shown as a line in this drawing, this is for illustration purposes only, it being understood that the transitions within a wall of a tubular joint can be complex and varied, and thus a line is used to represent all of these transitions. This figure shows the increase in wall thickness that occurs in a joint and the application of the laser delivery pattern to this increased thickness. The laser removal areas are oriented with respect to the shear pistons 2108, 2107. Arrows 2110, 2109 show the direction of movement of the shear pistons 2108, 2107 upon activation and coupling with the tubular 2112. In Figures 22A - 22D shows an example of a modality of a laser shear plunger assembly that could be used in a laser assisted BOP. Thus, a laser shear plunger assembly 2200 that has a body 2201 is shown. The body has a cavity 2204, the cavity of which has a central geometric axis (dashed line) 2211 and a wall 2241. The cavity of BOP also has a vertical geometric axis and in this modality the vertical geometric axis and the central geometric axis are the same, which is generally the case for BOPs. (The designation of these geometric axes is based on the BOP configuration and are relative to the BOP structures themselves, not the position of the BOP with respect to the earth's surface. Thus, the vertical geometric axis of the BOP will not change if the BOP, for example, be willing on your side). Typically, the central geometric axis 2211 of the cavity 2204 is on the same geometric axis as the central geometric axis of the cavity or wellhead opening through which the tubulars are inserted into the wellbore.
    Body 2201 contains and supports the lower shear piston 2202 and the upper shear piston 2203, the pistons of which have piston assemblies 2205 and 2206 associated with them. In operation, the piston assemblies 2205, 2206 drive the pistons 2202, 2203 in the direction of the central geometrical axis 2211, coupling, cutting and moving through the tubular 2212, and sealing the cavity 2204, and thus, sealing the well. Body 2201 also has passage assemblies 2213, 2214 to manage pressure and allow fiber optic cables and other cables, tubes, wires and
    the driving ones, which may be necessary for the operation of the laser cutter, are inserted into the body 2201. The body, as seen in Figures 22B-D, houses two laser supply sets 2224, 2225. The body 2201 also contains positioning pistons 2220, 2221, which are associated with piston assemblies 2222, 2223, respectively.
    Figures 22B to 22D, are seen in cross-section of the fashion shown in Figure 22A taken along the BB line of Figure 22A and show the operation sequences of the shear plunger assembly 2200, cutting the tubular 2212. Figures 22B to 22D also show an additional detail of the laser supply sets 2224, 2225 of the laser plunger set 2200. In this embodiment, both laser sets 2224, 2225 could have similar components and configurations. However, the 2224, 2225 laser assemblies could have different configurations and more or less laser cutters.
    The 2224 laser supply set has three laser cutters 2226, 2227 and 2228. Flexible support cables are associated with each of the laser cutters. The flexible support cable 2235 is associated with the laser cutter 2226, the flexible support cable 2236 is associated with the laser cutter 2227 and the flexible support cable 2237 is associated with the laser cutter 2228. Flexible brackets are located inside the 2250 channel and enter the passage assembly
    2213. In the general area of the 2213 pass-through assembly, the support cables transition from flexible to semi-flexible, and can also be included within the 2233 conduit for conduction to a high power laser, or other material sources for the cutting operation.
    The 2225 laser supply set has three laser cutters 2231, 2230 and 2229. Flexible support cables are associated with each of the laser cutters. The flexible support cable 2240 is associated with the laser cutter 2231, the flexible support cable 2239 is associated with the laser cutter 2230 and the flexible support cable 2238 is associated with the laser cutter 2229. The cables Flexible support brackets are located inside channel 2251 and enter the passage assembly
    2214. In the general area of the 2214 passage set, the support cables transition from flexible to semi-flexible, and can also be included within the conduit 2234 for conduction to a high power laser, or other sources of materials for the cutting operation.
    Figures 22B to 22D show the sequence of activation of the positioning pistons 2220, 2221 to cut a tube 2212. In this example, the first view (for example, a snapshot, since the preference sequence is continuous instead of staggered or in steps) of the sequence shown in Figure 22B. As activated, the six laser cutters 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, and 2231 fire or fire the laser beams in the direction of the tube to be cut. In this example, the laser cutters are configured so that the beam paths are parallel to the beam paths of the laser cutters on the other side of the cavity.
    2204.The beam paths and thus the laser beams, although not configured like the spokes of a wheel, are still directed into the cavity and towards the central geometric axis. Also in this example, the beam paths are configured to be collinear, however, they could also be staggered. As such, the beams are fired from inside the BOP from outside the cavity wall 2241, and move in the direction of the tubular 2212. The laser beams reach the tubular 2212 and begin to cut, that is, remove material from the , tubular 2212. Upon activation, the laser cutters start firing their respective laser beams, approximately at the same time the positioning pistons 2220,2221 couple the tubular 2212 and move the tubular 2212 through the fixed laser beams in the direction of the shear piston 2203, the positioning pistons 2220, 2221 then move the tubular 2212 through the laser beams fixed in the direction of the shear piston 2202. This way the tubular to be cut is moved back and forth forward through the laser beams. Once the cut is completed, plunger cutters 2220, 2221 couple any remaining portion of the tubular, cutting it, or otherwise removing it from the cutters' path and sealing the cavity
    2204 and the well.
    Figure 26 is a schematic illustration of a modality of laser shear pistons that have front members. In this figure the tubular 2612 is shown in relation to the shear plunger 2603 and the shear plunger 2602. The shear plunger 2602 has a front member 2618 that has a side surface 2624 and a front surface 2620 and an inner surface 2622. The plunger shear 2603 has a front member 2619 which has a side surface 2625 and a front surface 2621 and an inner surface 2623. Front members 2618, 2619 are configured to allow their respective laser cutters, 2644, 2645 , 2646 and 2641, 2642, 2643 move beyond the tubular 2612 as the plungers 2602, 2603 move in the direction, couple and cut the tubular 2612. The members 2618, 2619 can be movable, adjustable and preferably tensioned, so that according to the pistons 2602, 2603 couple tubular 2612, internal surfaces 2622, 2623 couple and remain in contact with tubular 2612. For example, a cam follower can be used. In this way, the distance between the laser cutters and the tubular is substantially reduced and kept to a minimum as the laser cutters are moved through the tubular.
    Figure 24 provides a schematic illustration of the potential optical and mechanical interactions that are obtainable by various configurations and uses of a laser-assisted BOP. Thus, Figure 24 shows an upper shear plunger 2403 and a lower shear plunger 2402 in mechanical interaction with a tubular 2412, for example, the tubular is being mechanically crushed as the pair of opposing pistons couple. This provides a mechanical interaction zone 2415 in the tubular that is associated with the forces exerted by the tubular by the shear pistons. Also shown is a laser pattern 2416 which is optically supplied to the tubular of a laser cutter (not shown in this figure) and whose pattern is located above the mechanical interaction zone
    2415. A preferred injury pattern 2417 is shown that optically provides
    provided for the tubular of a laser cutter (not shown) and whose pattern is located within the mechanical interaction zone 2415. An injury pattern 2418 is shown, which is optically provided for the tubular of a laser cutter (not shown) and whose pattern is located below the mechanical interaction zone 2515. These exemplary laser pattern settings can be used independently or in combination.
    The wellhead 2410 is shown as a reference point.
    Preferably, the beam path (s) can be configured to provide a complete cut in the area where the mechanical forces for the shear pistons, the stress that the tubular may be subjected to, or both, are the greatest.
    In this way, the likelihood that unwanted material will be left at the plunger interface to obstruct or inhibit the plunger leakage is reduced or eliminated.
    As described here, other laser cutter settings, firing sequences, cutter layouts, or combinations thereof, also solve this problem of providing greater guarantees that the plungers will enter the seal coupling.
    EXAMPLE 1 In this example the amount of material to be removed from a 127 mm (5 ") drill pipe by providing a high power laser pattern to the tubular is evaluated.
    In general, the laser pattern is of the type shown in Figure 16. From this analysis, a 1 mm slit cut through the tubular wall in this pattern will be used.
    Figure 25 shows a schematic of a tubular 2505 and shear plungers 2502, 2503, with a geometric axis x, y, 2501 placed on these structures for reference purposes.
    As shown in the figure, the size of the angle 9º 2504 directly refers to the amount of material to be removed 2505 by the laser.
    Thus, the analysis of the decrease in shear force obtained by varying angles is shown in Table | l.
    Table (for a given piston displacement) Kklbs [CO female laser cut 9º = 60º 1 mm slit to be removed by laser 9º = 90º 1 mm slit to be removed by laser 9º = 120º 1 mm slot to be removed by laser The configurations and arrangement of the various components in a laser-assisted BOP stack provide the capability for many varied laser cutter firing sequences and the activation of controllers piston preventive and annular preventive controllers.
    Thus, the sequence of laser shots and activations can be varied depending on the situation present inside the well or the BOP, to meet the requirements of this situation.
    So, for example, tube plungers could attach a tubular, laser cutters could cut the tubular without crushing it.
    In another example, where a liner and tubular in these cases are within the BOP, laser cutters could be fired to cut the liner, which is then pulled or dropped, the laser shear plungers are then used to cut the tubular and seal the BOP cavity.
    In yet another example, in a situation where the BOP, for unknown reasons, failed to seal the well, all laser cutters can be fired repeatedly, removing any tubular that may be obstructing the various plungers, allowing the well to be sealed.
    The present inventions provide the ability to quickly provide laser cutting and sealing, harming - mechanical, and mechanical actions within a BOP to resolve situations that may arise in offshore drilling.
    As such, the scope of the present inventions is not limited to a specific situation or sequence of offshore activities.
    The invention can be incorporated in forms other than those specifically described here without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics.
    The described modalities should be considered in all aspects only as illustrative and not restrictive.
    权利要求:
    Claims (28)
    [1]
    1. Eruption preventive controller stack, comprising: a movable plunger from a first position to a second position; and a laser cutter to emit a laser beam that defines a beam path positioned in relation to the plunger and facing a cavity formed within the stack, where the beam path enters the cavity and the second position is located within the cavity.
    [2]
    2. Eruption preventive controller stack according to claim 1, further comprising a preventive plunger controller, wherein the preventive plunger controller is a shear piston assembly and the stack further comprises: a. a set of annular preventive controller; B. a tube plunger assembly; ç. the preventive annular controller assembly, the shear piston assembly and the tube piston assembly share the cavity, the cavity having a geometric axis.
    [3]
    Rash preventive controller stack according to claim 2, wherein the beam path intersects the geometric axis of the cavity.
    [4]
    4. Eruption preventive controller stack according to claim 2, which comprises a laser cutter protection located adjacent to the cavity, wherein the laser cutter protection protects the laser cutter from damage, while not appreciably interfering as tubular movement through the cavity.
    [5]
    5. Eruption preventive controller, comprising: a. a laser cutter; B. a preventive plunger controller comprising a pair of opposing plungers; ç. a cavity within a stack for passing tubulars through it; d. the laser cutter having a beam path;
    and. the pistons capable of movement within the cavity; f. an area within the cavity for coupling the pistons with a tubular; and g. the beam path positioned between the laser cutter and the area within the cavity for coupling the pistons with the tubular.
    [6]
    6. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller, comprising: a. an annular preventive controller; B. a tube plunger assembly; and c. a laser shear plunger assembly comprising: i. a plunger movable from a first position to a second position; and ii. a laser cutter positioned in relation to the plunger and making a cavity formed within the laser assisted eruption preventive controller, in which the laser cutter emits a laser beam that defines a laser cutter beam path that enters the cavity and the second position is located inside the cavity.
    [7]
    7. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller according to claim 6, wherein the eruption preventive controller is a submarine eruption preventive controller comprising: a shear piston assembly and a second piston assembly. pipe; wherein the annular preventive controller, the laser shear plunger assembly, the shear plunger assembly, the tube plunger assembly and the second tube plunger assembly form a stack of components.
    [8]
    8. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller according to claim 6, wherein the laser cutter beam path extends in the direction of a central geometric axis of the cavity.
    [9]
    9. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller according to claim 6, wherein the laser cutter is capable of at least partially orbiting a geometric axis of the cavity while dispensing
    removing the laser beam.
    [10]
    10. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller according to claim 9, in which it takes approximately 1/2 of an orbit to complete a cut of a tubular.
    [11]
    11. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller according to claim 9, in which it takes approximately 1/3 of an orbit to complete a cut of a tubular.
    [12]
    12. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller according to claim 9, in which it takes approximately 1/4 of an orbit to complete a tubular cut.
    [13]
    13. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller according to claim 6, comprising: a second cutter that emits a second laser beam that defines a second laser cutter beam path, wherein the cavity is substantially circular ; and each of the laser cutter and the second laser cutter is adjacent but not within the cavity, and the laser cutter beam path and the second laser cutter beam path are configured in a radius configuration.
    [14]
    14. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller, comprising: a. a structure; B. a rash preventative controller stack associated with the structure, a rash preventative controller stack comprising: i. a cavity formed within the preventive eruption controller to pass tubular through it; and ii. a laser supply set positioned outside the cavity when not activated.
    [15]
    15. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller according to claim 14, wherein the laser delivery set comprises: a. a laser cutter that has a beam path associated with it; B. the integral laser cutter with a shear plunger; and c. the beam path directed into the cavity.
    [16]
    16. Laser-assisted eruption preventive controller according to claim 14, wherein the cavity for passing the tubulars through it has a vertical geometric axis, and the laser supply set comprises: a. a first laser cutter that has a first beam path directed to the cavity; B. a second laser cutter that has a second beam path directed to the cavity; ç. at least one of the first or second laser cutters contained in a shear plunger; and d. at least one of the first or second beam paths directed to the vertical geometric axis.
    [17]
    17. Drill system of laser-assisted submarine eruption preventive controller, the system comprising: a. an underwater rising column; B. a stack of rash preventive controller that comprises: i. a cavity for passing the tubulars through the stack of eruption preventive controller, in which the cavity is in mechanical communication with the underwater riser, where the tubulars can be passed to and from the underwater riser within the cavity for the purpose of advancing a well hole; ii. a laser supply set; iii. a shear piston assembly, wherein the laser supply assembly is optically and mechanically associated with the shear piston assembly; ç. whereby, upon activation, the laser delivery system provides a high-powered laser beam to a tubular within the cavity of a rash preventive controller resulting in the tubular being cut to reduce the risk that the tubular will prevent closure of the shear piston assembly.
    [18]
    18. Eruption preventive controller drilling system - laser assisted submarine according to claim 17, wherein the high power laser beam forms a laser delivery pattern to cut the tubular into the eruption preventive controller cavity - dog.
    [19]
    19. Laser assisted submarine eruption preventive controller drilling system according to claim 17, wherein the high power laser beam forms a laser delivery pattern to weaken the tubular within the eruption preventive controller cavity.
    [20]
    20. Laser-assisted submarine eruption preventive controller drilling system according to claim 17, wherein the high-powered laser beam forms a laser delivery pattern to remove two discrete areas of the tubular.
    [21]
    21. Laser shear plunger assembly, comprising: a. a body; B. the body defined a cavity that has a vertical geometric axis, whereby the cavity is capable of receiving a tubular to advance or remove the tubular from a well hole; ç. a first shear piston having a first piston assembly, whereby the first piston assembly is able to move the first shear piston into the body cavity upon activation of the first piston assembly; d. a second shear piston having a second piston assembly, whereby the second piston assembly is capable of moving the second shear piston into the body cavity upon activation of the second piston assembly; and is. a laser supply set, whereby when
    Once activated, the laser supply set is capable of propagating a laser beam into the cavity.
    [22]
    22. The laser shear plunger assembly according to claim 21, wherein the laser supply assembly comprises a means for providing a predetermined laser beam pattern to the tubular.
    [23]
    23. Offshore drilling rig that has a laser-assisted underwater eruption preventive controller system for rapid tubular cutting within the eruption preventive controller during emergency situations, the laser system comprising: a. an ascending column capable of being lowered from and operatively connected to an offshore drilling rig to a depth at or near a seabed; B. a preventive eruption controller capable of being operatively connected to the upstream column and lowered by the upstream column of the offshore drilling rig to the bottom of the sea; ç. a high-powered laser beam source, which has a power of at least approximately 15 kW, in optical communication with a laser cutter; and d. the laser cutter operatively associated with the eruption preventive controller and the ascending column, whereby the laser cutter is able to be lowered to or near the seabed and upon activation provide a beam of high power laser for a tube that is inside the eruption preventive controller.
    [24]
    24. Offshore drilling rig that has a laser-assisted underwater eruption preventive controller system for rapid tubular cutting within the eruption preventive controller during emergency situations, the laser system comprising: a. an ascending column positioned at a depth on or near a seabed, where the ascending column is operatively connected to an offshore drilling rig; B. a preventive eruption controller positioned on or near
    near the seabed, in which the eruption preventive controller is operatively connected in the ascending column; ç. a high power laser in optical communication with a laser cutter; and d. the laser cutter operatively associated with the preventive eruption controller and the rising column and positioned at or near the seabed, may mean that upon activation the laser cutter provides a high power laser beam for a tubular that is inside the eruption preventive controller.
    [25]
    25. Offshore drilling rig that has a laser assisted submarine eruption preventive controller drilling system, the laser system comprising: a. an ascending column capable of being lowered from and operatively connected to an offshore drilling rig to a depth or near a seabed; B. a preventive eruption controller capable of being operatively connected to the upstream column and lowered by the upstream column of the offshore drilling rig to the bottom of the sea; ç. the preventive eruption controller comprising a shear piston capable of mechanically interacting with an area of a tubular that is within the preventive eruption controller; d. the shear plunger being associated with a laser cutter; and. a high-powered laser beam source, which has a power of at least approximately 5 kW, in optical communication with a laser cutter; and f. the laser cutter operatively associated with the eruption preventive controller and the ascending column, whereby the laser cutter is able to be lowered to or near the seabed and upon activation provide a beam of high power laser for the tubular that is inside the eruption preventive controller and for an area over the tubular that is in or near the area of mechanical interaction with the shear piston.
    [26]
    26. Submarine eruption preventive controller stack, comprising: a plunger and a laser cutter positioned inside the stack; the laser cutter having a means for providing a predetermined beam cutting pattern; whereby the predetermined laser beam cutting pattern corresponds to an area of a tubular to be removed within the pile.
    [27]
    27. Method for drilling underwater wells using a laser-assisted eruption preventive controller and an ascending column, the method comprising: a. lowering a preventive eruption controller assisted by lapland that has a first internal cavity from an offshore drilling platform to a seabed using a rising column that has a second internal cavity, the seabed having a borehole; B. attach the preventive eruption controller to the well hole, whereby the well hole, the first internal cavity, and the second internal cavity are in fluid and mechanical communication; and c. advance the borehole by lowering tubulars from the offshore drilling rig through the second internal cavity, the first internal cavity and into the well hole; d. where, the preventive eruption controller assisted by laser has the ability to perform a laser cut of a tubular present inside the first cavity.
    [28]
    28. The method of claim 27, wherein the laser-assisted rash preventive controller comprises: a. a structure; B. an eruption preventive controller stack associated with the structure; ç. the eruption preventive controller stack comprising a third cavity for passing tubular through it, the third cavity of which is at least part of the first cavity; and d. the eruption preventive controller stack comprising a laser supply set, wherein the laser supply set is positioned outside the first and third cavities when not activated.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN103492668A|2014-01-01|
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    CA2827958A1|2012-11-29|
    EP2678521A4|2018-03-07|
    US20120217018A1|2012-08-30|
    AU2012259435B2|2016-09-22|
    US8783361B2|2014-07-22|
    SG192915A1|2013-09-30|
    AU2012259435A1|2013-09-12|
    WO2012161789A1|2012-11-29|
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    法律状态:
    2020-10-06| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-19| B11B| Dismissal acc. art. 36, par 1 of ipl - no reply within 90 days to fullfil the necessary requirements|
    2021-11-23| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/034,175|US8783361B2|2011-02-24|2011-02-24|Laser assisted blowout preventer and methods of use|
    US13/034,175|2011-02-24|
    PCT/US2012/026471|WO2012161789A1|2011-02-24|2012-02-24|Laser assisted blowout preventer and methods of use|
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